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The first lathe known to have been branded as a "Toyo" - and sold by the Japanese Sakai Special Camera Mfg. Co. Ltd., - was the delightful and cleverly-engineered precision ML1 and ML2. The lathe was designed and developed by Mr. Sakai during the early 1950s not for sale but to help with production of his large-format box cameras. However, so successful did the lathe prove (and, with so few machine tools of the type available in Japan at the time) that it found a ready home market followed by strong overseas sales where the competitive price undercut similar machines from Germany (Lorch and Boley Leinen) and America (Levin and Derbyshire). Although sales of the original ML1 were limited (if you have one, or any sales or service literature, the writer would be interested to hear from you) the later and far more common ML210 and ML360 model-engineering types are around in considerable numbers and, being eventually manufactured in low-cost Korea, were distributed worldwide by Sakai under a variety of names: Record and Toyo in the British Isles, Sakai in the USA and Proxxon in Germany and other European countries. Today the same two lathes, almost unaltered save for minor improvements, are sold under the "MANIX" brand and also still appear, lightly modified, as "Proxxon" marketed by "Sell-it-Easy", a large German-based tool distributor. The ML360 is a very compact, well-built machine - even to having a No. 2 Morse taper centre in the tailstock and a 16 mm capacity through the roller-bearing headstock spindle - more than a Series 7 Myford. Although the lathe bed is hardened and ground - and the circular dividing head, machine vice, indexing unit and other accessories superbly made - the leadscrew-handwheel zero mark is just a plastic sticker and both the changewheels and feed-screw micrometer dials made of plastic - with the latter carrying inadequate, coarse markings. As a substitute, Sherline make a superb pair of metal micrometer dials that are easily adapted and well worth acquiring. If a cursory glance at the 360 fails to impress, look further, for this is no cheaply-made Chinese horror - but a thoroughly decent lathe from a reputable company. The centre height is 75 mm and the distance between centres 300 mm (3" x 12"). As standard the lathe is supplied with almost no equipment (at least, that was the specification of the last ones into the UK) but, if fitted with a range of accessories, does became a most useful and versatile (if expensive) machine. Six (reversing) spindle speeds are provided as standard: 230, 450, 740, 850, 1630 and 2520 rpm; fitted with the optional slow-speed (belt-drive) kit these extend to include a six-speed range from 70 to 150 rpm which made both screwcutting and very-fine feeds a possibility - though a proper gear-driven backgear (that was able to give a bottom speed of 30 rpm or so) would be preferable. The electrical system is neatly built-in and a reversing switch supplied as standard. The self-powered milling and drilling attachment bolts to the back of the lathe's V bed and has five speeds: 210, 420, 630, 960 and 1880 rpm. As supplied the unit has only a quick-action drill feed, the essential fine-down-feed attachment has to be bought as an expensive extra. The milling-column to spindle distance is 101 mm, the clearance between the spindle face and toolpost 200 mm and the main spindle travel 30 mm - with a 12 mm-chucking capacity. Unusually for a small lathe, the handbook is a paragon of clarity and sensible advice - and includes comprehensive instructions about the mounting and use of the extensive accessory range. Because the lathe was often marketed shorn of all accessories - not even a power feed along the bed or a top slide - before buying a used example it is essential to know the exact specification on offer; a basic version is useful, but a well-equipped example should be greatly preferred - even if considerable more expensive. Ideally, the lathe should be equipped with: a top slide, power feed and screwcutting (often combined in one accessory pack, sometimes two), a slow-speed attachment and a fine down-feed unit on the milling head. The lathe occupied a space of 756 mm x 377 mm x 245 mm (29.7" x 14.8" x 9.6") and weighs, in standard form without any accessories, 30 kg (28 lbs)..
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